A 'trash audit' can help you cut down waste at home. Here's how to do it

My mom is one of the least wasteful people I know. Growing up in India in the 60s and the 70s, she used to bring her own aluminum tins to the market to load up on staples like rice, lentils and flour. Then when she moved to America in the 80s, she continued that tradition of resourcefulness, saving old margarine tubs and Danish butter cookie tins to store food and other items.

You can live a low-waste lifestyle too, says Isaias Hernandez, a Los Angeles-based environmental educator who runs the Instagram account Queer Brown Vegan. The key, he adds, is to be creative about "redesigning your behavior to reduce plastic" and other waste — just like my mom does at home.

While these actions won't necessarily solve the climate crisis, they can add up, he says. The average American generates five pounds of trash per day, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Some of it gets recycled but most of it ends up in landfills, which can contaminate soil and water and generate harmful greenhouse gasses, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change.

"Personal actions [are] what drive the cultural change," he says. Here are a few simple ways you can reduce your trash output — plus a few tips from my mom.

1. Do a trash audit

Take stock of what you're throwing away by writing a list of the trash you produce, says Hernandez. Organize your list by the rooms in your house or by activity. You might write "dirty diapers, used wipes and paper towels" under "nursery." Or "food waste, plastic containers and metal cans" under "cooking."

This audit will help you grasp the extent of the trash you're creating and identify the manageable ways you can start to reduce it.

For example, if you find yourself throwing out a lot of food scraps, consider composting. If you notice you have a lot of plastic bags piling up under your sink, start bringing reusable tote bags to the grocery store — and skip the little bag for fruits and veggies in the produce section. If you throw away a lot of plastic bottles for soap and shampoo, check your city's recycling standards to see if they can be recycled, or switch to using bar soap and shampoo.

Hernandez noticed that he was using a lot of paper towels, so he switched to using reusable cloths instead. "I can wash them at the end of the day and they're good to go," he says.

Make changes that work for you and your lifestyle. If the idea of using cloth diapers for your baby sounds like way too much laundry — don't do it. Find ways to cut waste in other aspects of your household.

2. Reuse your containers

A lot of low-waste solutions might seem like they require buying special containers like silicone replacements for your Ziploc bags or a matching set of jars to take to the bulk food section of your grocery store.

But you don't need to spend money on those items, says Hernandez. Instead, look at the waste you already produce and figure out a way to reuse it. Maybe you can add a soap dispenser lid to a used Mason jar. Or maybe you can be like my mom and use empty tins, boxes and other food containers to store leftovers or organize small items like nails or jewelry.

3. Salvage what you can

Beyond repurposing food containers, see if there's anything else in your household you can save before tossing it in the trash, says Hernandez. Maybe you can mend an old pair of jeans instead of buying a new pair. Or maybe you can cut up old T-shirts into rags, which is what my mom used to do with my dad's old tees. I do this now too and the rags are perfect for cleaning up after fixing my bike — I don't feel bad about getting grease on them.

And think about how you can creatively save your food scraps. If you have a bunch of overripe bananas, put it in the freezer to make banana bread later. Or transform an orange peel into a candle using vegetable oil.

4. Rely less on pre-packaged foods

Often, food comes in wasteful packaging. Mushrooms and tomatoes come in Styrofoam containers covered in shrink wrap, and some beverages come in plastic jugs that may not be easy to recycle. So try to source your food in ways that don't require you to get it from a package, says Hernandez.

That might mean making some of your own food from scratch. Instead of buying oat milk in a non-recyclable container at the store, Hernandez makes it at home by blending oats and water. The oat milk can be stored in a jar, eliminating the packaging waste.

You can also try sourcing your own food by growing a garden or looking for edible plants in your community. Foraging apps and local Facebook groups can help you identify what fruits, vegetables, greens and fungi are available in your area to eat.

5. Look for ways to cut waste outside the home

Once you start noticing how much trash you produce at home, you'll start to see places to cut down on trash elsewhere. Opt for a digital receipt instead of a paper one. Bring your own reusable fork to a restaurant that uses single-use plastic utensils. Or ask your local barista to fill up your coffee mug instead of a paper cup.

And remember: Lowering the amount of waste you create doesn't have to be an all-or-nothing pursuit, says Hernandez. Find changes that work for you and you'll be more likely to stick with them.

The audio was produced by Margaret Cirino and edited by Sylvie Douglis. The digital story was edited by Malaka Gharib. The visual producer is Kaz Fantone.

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